;iC^ 







WHAT 



Every Teacher 



OUGHT TO KNOW. 



BY 



A TEACHER. 




ROCi/eSTER, N. Y. : 
O H J 
1886 



A. P.'O H A F> I N. 




^^^ Edueatioi^al (laz<^tt(^. 

NEWSY, PROGRESSIVE, PRACTICAL. 



— CONTAINS 



Opinions of Eminent Thinkers, Contributed Articles from Able 

Educators, Department Work adapted to the different 

grades of Schools, Editorials, 

Discussion of Current Topics 

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WHAT 



EVERY TEACHER 



OUGHT TO KNOW, 



BY 



A TEACHER 

^ n 27 1886^^) 



ROCHESTER, N. Y. : 

A. F". C H A P I N. 

18S6 



i 



'^^ 



\ 







Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1886, by 
A. P. CHAB^I-Nv-- .. ., 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, 
Washington, D. C. 



^tl...- 



5r 



WHAT 

VERY Teacher 

OUGHT TO KNOW. 



TEACHERS' LICENSES. 



No person can legally contract to teach in the 
public schools, or collect his pay, without a license. 
There are five kinds of licenses : 

1. A Normal School diploma. 

2. A State certificate, good for life. 

3. A limited license, granted by the State Super- 
intendent. 

4. A certificate granted by a County Commis- 
sioner, 

5. A certificate granted by a Board of Education. 

Hoii) are licenses obtained? 

I. There are three grades of Normal School 
diplomas granted on completion of either the Ele- 
mentary English, the Higher English or the (Clas- 
sical course of study. These courses require two, 



three and four 3^ears work, respectively. In order 
to enter a Normal School candidates must be at 

least sixteen years of age and must pass a credit- 
able examination in the common English branches. 
Students may enter advanced if they can pass the 
required examinations, but the last year's work of 
either course must be done in the school. 

2. State certificates are granted by the State 
Superintendent only upon examination. These ex- 
aminations are generally conducted by the institute 
faculty. 

3. Temporary licenses may be (but seldom are) 
granted by the State Superintendent. They are 
limited to a school commissioner district or school 
district, and are not given for a longer period than 
six months. 

4. _ Many cities regulate their own examinations 
and grant their own licenses. The examinations 
are usually conducted by the superintendent and the 
licenses are signed by him and the officers of the 
school board. 

5. School commissioners grant three grades of 
licenses, based upon the mental qualifications and 
moral standing of the cajididates, and their experi- 
ence, if any, in teachihg. Most commissioners 
examine all applicants who apply at the proper times 
and places as publicly announced by the commis- 
sioners. 



Note. — All teachers in New York must be exam- 
ined regarding the effects of stimulants and nar- 
cotics. 

On what grounds can a teacher s license be annulled 2 

Normal school diplomas and State certificates 
may be annulled by the commissioner only on the 
ground of immoral character. 

Other licenses may be annulled for either immor- 
ality or deficiency in learning or ability to teach. 

What relief has the teacher 2 

He may appeal to the State Superintendent, 
whose decision is final. 



THE TEACHER'S AUTHORITY. 



During the established school hours the teacher's 
authority over the conduct of the pupils present in 
school is absolute. This authority does not extend 
beyond the school buildings and grounds. 

Punishments must not be cruel and should not 
be unnecessarily severe. It is better to be too 
lenient than too severe. Corporal punishment may 
be used, but should be only as a last resort. 

Obedience and order must be secured and main- 
tained, but it should be done with the least amount 



of physical force possible. It is better to develop 
a love for school work by making it attractive than 
to arouse the ire of the pupils by needless rules and 
commands. 

The teacher can compel the study of only one 
subject, and that is physiology, with special refer- 
ence to the effects of stimulants and narcotics. 
The parent or guardian may select from the studies 
belonging to the child's class or grade those which 
he wishes his child to pursue. 



THE BIBLE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 



In New York the State Department has uniformly 
denied the right of a teacher or any school officer 
to insist on attendance at religious exercises during 
legal school hours. Such exercises may be held 
before nine in the morning, and attendance made 
optional, but must not be held between nine and 
four, if objection is made by patrons of the school. 



TEACHER'S RIGHT AND AUTHORITY. 



The old maxim of English law is as applicable 
to the schoolmaster as to any other person who is 
in the lawful possession of a house. It is true that 



the school officers, as such, have certain rights in 
the school-house, but the law will not allow even 
them to interfere with the teacher while he keeps 
strictly within the line of his duty. Having been 
legally put in possession, he can hold it for the pur- 
poses and the time agreed upon ; and no parent, 
not even the Governor of the State, nor the Presi- 
dent of the United States has any right to enter it 
and disturb him in the lawful performance of his 
duties. If persons do enter, he should order them 
out ; and if they do not go on being requested to 
do so he may use such force as is necessary to eject 
them. And if he finds that he is unable to put 
them out himself, he may call on others to assist 
him ; and if no more force is employed than is ac- 
tually necessary to remove the intruder, the law will 
justify the teacher's act and the acts of those who 
assisted him. 



THE SCHOOL YEAR AND THE ANNUAL 
SCHOOL MEETING. 



"An annual school meeting of each school dis- 
trict shall be held the last Tuesday of August of 
each year, and unless the hour and the place thereof 
shall have been fixed by a vote of a previous district 



meeting, the same shall be held in the school-house 
at seven o'clock in the evening." Laws of 1883. 

The election of officers in certain school dis- 
tricts, containing 300 or more children of school 
age, shall be held on the Wednesday next following 
the last Tuesday in August in each year, between 
the hours of twelve o'clock, mid-day, and four 
o'clock in the afternoon. 

The school year expires on the twentieth day 
of August. 

" The trustees of each school district shall, be- 
tween the last Tuesday of August and the first 
Tuesday of September in each year, make and di- 
rect to the School Commissioner, a report in writ- 
ing, dated on the twentieth day of August of the 
year in which it is made, and shall sign and certify 
it, and deliver it to the clerk of the town in which 
the school district is situated." Laws of 1883. 

" The annual meeting of the Board of Edu- 
cation of every union free school district, sball be 
held on the first Tuesday of September in each 
year." Laws of 1883. 



SPECIAL SCHOOL MEETINGS. 



Trustees may call a special meeting at any time. 
The notice shall state the object of the meeting and 



be served on each voter at least five days before the 
date of the meeting. The chairman may vote on 
all questions involving a tax levy. 

Trustees of a Union free school should be elected 
by ballot between the hours of 12 m. and 4 p. m. of 
the next day after the annual school meeting. 



VOTERS AT SCHOOL DISTRICT MEETINGS. 



By the laws of 1881, there are three classes 
of persons who may vote, as follows : 

I. " Every person (male or female) who is a resi- 
dent of the district, of the age of twenty-one years, 
entitled to hold lands in this State, who either owns 
or hires real estate in the district liable to taxation 
for school purposes." 

II. " Every citizen of the United States (male or 
female) above the age of twenty-one years, who is a 
resident of the district, and who owns any personal 
property assessed on the last preceding assessment 
roll of the town, exceeding fifty dollars in value, ex- 
clusive of such as is exempt from execution." 

III. " Every citizen of the United States (male 
or female) who is above the age of twenty-one 
years, who is a resident of the district, and who has 



lO 



permanently residing with him, or her, a child or 
children of school age, some one or more of whom 
shall have attended the school of the district for a 
period of at least eight weeks within the year pre- 
ceding the time at which the vote is offered." 

Attorney General Russell, at the solicitation of 
Supt. W. B. Ruggles, for his opinion, says, under 
date of May 28, 1883: " It will be observed that 
the statute uses the term "him, or her," evidently 
for the purpose of giving the particular party with 
whom the child resides the right to vote, and was 
not intended to confer such right of voting upon 

both the husband and the wife the 

legal residence of the child would be with the hus- 
band, and he alone would by reason of such resi- 
dence be entitled to vote at the school meeting held 
in the district in which he resides." 



TRUSTEES. 



A district may have one or three trustees, and 
may change from one to three or from three to one 
by a two-thirds vote. 

Neither a school commissioner nor a supervisor 
can hold the office of school trustee. 

A trustee cannot hold the office of collector, clerk 
or librarian. 



TI 

A trustee may tender his resignation in writing to 
the supervisor. 

If the district does not fill the vacancy within 
thirty days the supervisor may appoint. 

The State Superintendent of Public Instruction 
may remove a trustee for neglect of duties. 

The trustee is custodian of the district property. 

The trustee alone has power to decide what text- 
books shall be used. 

The trustee only has the legal right to expel a 
pupil. 

Trustees have no right to purchase globes, maps 
or other school apparatus unless authorized by the 
vote of a district meeting. 

Trustees may levy a tax for the balance of teach- 
ers' wages if the public money has been expended. 

Trustees have sole power to hire teachers and 
cannot be restricted in this matter by a district vote. 

A sole trustee cannot hire a teacher for a term of 
school which does not begin before the close of his 
term of office. 

A trustee cannot legally employ himself or his 
wife, his brother or sister, his parents or grandpar- 
ents, his children or grand children, or the husband 
or wife of a brother or sister, child or grandchild. 



12 

Three trustees and Boards of Education may hire 
for one year but not longer. 

Any person who shall willfully disturb any public 
school or school meeting shall forfeit twenty-five 
dollars. 

All States make provision for furnishing text- 
books to children if their parents are too poor to 
buy them. 



RECENT DECISIONS OF SUPERINTENDENT 

JAMES E. MORRISON ON QUESTIONS OF 

SCHOOL LAW. 



Hon. James E. Morrison, State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, has recently rendered the fol- 
lowing decisions in answer to in(piiries respecting 
the points involved : 

I. In a letter, dated January 31, 1883, Supt. Rug- 
gles wrote : "I think that you have gogd right, if 
authorized by the trustees, to discipline the schol- 
ars for using tobacco in the school, for irregular 
attendance, for bad conduct, or for refusing to make 
good, damag'es done to school property. The sus- 
pension of a pupil from the school should be the 
act of the trustees." In the same letter he said : 
" It has been held by this department, that a teacher's 



13 

authority over pupils ceases after the close of 
the school and when they retire from the school 
grounds. It seems a natural inference that the 
teacher has a right to control pupils on the school 
premises in any reasonable requirement I am of 
the opinion that a teacher has the right to forbid 
the use of tobacco by pupils on the school grounds. 

2. The teacher, in the absence of regulations pre- 
scribed by the trustees, has the same power of pun- 
ishment as the parent. But this right must be exer- 
cised with the same discretion and limitations that 
would be expected of a kind and judicious parent. 

3. The law does not contemplate that pupil 
teachers shall be employed in any of the schools of 
this State ; but it does not prohibit one pupil from 
instructing another. If any school is too large to 
be instructed by the teacher, the trustees should 
provide an additional teacher. Pupils might, per- 
haps, be allowed to instruct other pupils, in case 
they are properly qualified ; but this should not be 
allowed as a substitute for an adequate teaching 
force, 

4. Children visiting or boarding in the district, 
but whose homes are elsewhere, should draw public 
money in the district containing their permanent 
residence. In regard to the enumeration of chil- 
dren of school age, in the employment of persons 



14 

residing permanently in districts other than where 
the parents or guardians of such children reside, it is 
impossible to lay. down a rule with the requisite pre- 
cision to meet all cases. Each individual case 
must necessarily rest upon the p»articular circum- 
stances attending it. In a general way, however, it 
may be said that if the child of school age is ac- 
tually in a particular district, composing a part of 
the family of an employer who resides permanency 
or temporarily in such district, and such employ- 
ment is in good faith and constitutes the principal 
cause of such child being a part of said family, and 
is not a mere convenience incident to another prin- 
cipal matter, namely, the attendance at school, then 
such chilci should be enumerated in that district, 
and not in the other district where his parents or 
guardians may reside. If the employment is not 
real and substantial, and is only a pretense or cover 
to secure from tuition, then the child should not be 
enumerated in that district. Whether a case be- 
longs to the one or the other of these two classes, is 
for the trustees to determine, after fairly consider- 
ing the facts and circumstances bearing upon the 
points above suggested. 

5. ,The law requiries the closing of all schools 
outside incorporated cities during the holding of a 
teacher's institute in the county. In case trustees 
refuse to close a school for such institute, it will 



IS 

work a forfeiture of the public money depending 
upon the attendance of pupils during the time of 
the institute, and the time cannot be counted as 
part of the twenty-eight weeks required by law. In 
closing the schools during the time of an institute, 
the law has no other object than to enable teachers 
to attend such institute. If teachers were not to 
attend the institute, the law would not only be of 
no use, but would be injurious. It is, therefore, 
plainly the intent of the law that teachers shall at- 
tend the county institutes, and it is their duty so 
to do. 

6. The blanks for recording the attainments of 
pupils were inserted in the register for the purpose 
of providing the means of classification and grad- 
ing at the beginning of a new term, and especially 
in those cases \vhere a new teacher is employed 
each successive term. It is difficult to see in what 
respect such records are more burdensome or less 
useful in rural schools than elsewhere, and in many 
cases they will evidently be of more value in rural 
districts. They are required by the Superintendent 
under section 53, title VII., chap. 555, laws of 1864, 
which provides that teachers shall enter in the blank 
books furnished " any other facts and In such form 
as the Superintendent of Public Instruction shall 
require." 



i6 
INSTITUTE FACULTY. 



The following gentlemen constitute the Institute 
Faculty of New York State : 

John H. French, LL. D., Rochester, N. Y. ; 
James Johonnot, Princeton, N. J.; Henry R. San- 
ford, A. M., Middletown, N. Y.; Samuel H. Albro, 
A. M., Fredonia, N. Y. 

These instructors are appointed by the State 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. They re- 
ceive an annual salary of ^2,500 and their traveling 
expenses. 

STATE SUPERINTENDENT. 



The State Superintendent of Public Instruction is 
elected by joint ballot of both houses of the Legis- 
lature. The term of office is three years and the 
salary is ^5,000 per year. The Superintendent ap- 
points a deputy, whose salary is $3,500. 

March loth, 1886, Andrew S. Draper, of Albany, 
was elected to this office. April 7th he assumed its 
duties. 



TEACHER'S INSTITUTES. 



After the 20th day of August, 1885, all schools in 
school districts and parts of districts, not included 
within the boundaries of an incorporated city, shall 
be closed during the time a Teacher's Institute 
shall be in session in the same county in which such 



17 

schools are situated, and. in the apportionment of 
public school money, the schools thus closing in any 
school term shall be allowed the same average pupil 
attendance during such time as was the average 
during that part of the term when the schoOl^was 
not thus closed, and any school continuing its 
sessions in violation of the above provision shall not 
be allowed any public money based upon average 
pupil attendance during the days the school was 
thus kept in session. 



NORMAL SCHOOLS. 



There are nine Normal Schools in the State of 

New York, located as follows : 

Albany, Albany Co. Fredonia, Chautauqua Co. 
Brockport, Monroe Co. Geneseo, Livingston Co. 
Buffalo, Erie Co. New Paltz, Ulster Co. 

Cortland, Cortland Co. Oswego, Oswego Co. 
Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co. 

The following named gentlemen are the princi- 
pals of these schools : 

Albany, E. P. Waterbury ; Brockport, C. D. Mc- 
Lean ; Buffalo, H. B. Buckham ; Cortland, J. H. 
Hoose ; Fredonia, F. B. Palmer; Geneseo, W. J. 
Milne ; New Paltz, Eugene Bouton ; Oswego, E. A. 
Sheldon ; Potsdam, E. H. Cook. 

The usual salary of a New York State Normal 
School principal is ^2,500. 



i8 
BOARD OF REGENTS. 



Henry R. Pierson, LL. D., Chancellor of the Tlnimrdt'if 
Albany. 

David B. Hill, Governor, 1 

Ed. F. Jones, Lieutenant- Oomrnor, ttt ^ • a 

^ ' ' VAic-cwcic>.. Albany. 

Frederick Cook, Secretary of State, i 

And. S. Draper, Supt. P. Instruction, J 

Arranged in the order of their appointment : 

Lorenzo Burrows, 1858 Albion. 

Elias W. Leavenworth, LL. D., 1861. . . . .Syracuse. 

J. Carson Brevoort, LL. D., 1861 Brooklyn. 

George W. Curtis, LL. D., 1864 West New Brighton. 

Francis Kernan, LL. D. , 1870 Utica. 

John L. Lewis, 1871 Penn Tan. 

Henry R. Tierson, LL. D., 1872 Albany. 

Martin I. Townsend, LL. D., 1873 Troy. 

Rev. Anson J. Upson, D. D., LL. D., 1874 Auburn. 

William L. Bostwick, 1876. Ithaca. 

Chauncey M. Depew, 1877 ]Ve>o York. 

Charles E. Fitch, 1877 Rochester. 

Rev. Orris H. Warren, D. D., 1877 Syracuse. 

Leslie W. Russell, LL. D., 1878 Canton. 

Whitelaw Reid, 1878 .New York. 

William H. Watson, M. D., 1881 Utica. 

Henry E. Turner, 1881 Loiomlle. 

St. Clair McKelway, 1883 Albany. 

WiLLARD A. Cobb, 1886 LochporL 



David Murray, LL. D., Secretary Albany. 

Daniel J. Pratt, Ph. D., Assistant Secretary Albany. 



19 

The Legislature appropriates annually $40,000 to 
be apportioned among the Academies by the Re- 
gents. Of this sum $12,000 is derived from the 
income of the literature fund, and $28,000 is de- 
rived from the United States deposit fund. It is 
divided among the Academies reporting to the 
Board, on the basis of the attendance of scholars 
pursuing academiic studies. 

The Regents are elected for life by joint ballot of 
both houses of the Tegislature. Thev serve with- 
out salary. 

The Secretary, Assistant Secretary and Inspector 
of Teacher's Classes are appointed by the Board of 
Regents and receive liberal salaries. 



BOOKS AND APPARATUS. 



One of the most useful and renumerative species 
of aid rendered by the State to the academies has 
been the money contributed for the purchase of 
books and apparatus. The plan has been for the 
State to duplicate any money raised outside of the 
regular income of the academies for the purchase 
of books for the library or philosophical apparatus. 
When the appropriation of $3,000 was first made it 



20 



was sufficient to meet every such application in full. 
As the amount applied for increased so as to exceed 
the sum appropriated, the amount to be paid to any 
one academy was limited to ^2.50. Subsequently 
this limit was further reduced to $150. And finally 
as the appropriation became still more largely de- 
ficient, rules have been framed for giving the pref- 
erence (i) to academies which have never had an 
appropriation, and (2)- to those which have not 
received anything in ten years. With all these pre- 
cautions the appropriation is still entirely inade- 
quate. It is a matter greatly to be desired that this 
appropriation be increased to at least $5,000 or 
,^6,000. 



EXAMINATIONS. 



For the purpose of a more equitable distribution 
of this fund the Board established in 1865 a system 
of examinations. This system was at first confined 
to four subjects, viz. : arithmetic, geography, Eng- 
lish grammar and spelling. Scholars were required 
to have passed in these subjects before they could 
be counted in the apportionment of the literature 
fund. The examinations are conducted in writing 
on questions sent out from the Regent's office. The 



21 



plan commended itself to the teachers of the acade- 
mies, and became widely recognized as not only a 
successful m.easure for determining the apportion- 
ment of the literature fund, but an irnportaht stand- 
ard of scholarship. The success of the examina- 
tions in elementary subjects led to its extension, in 
1878, to the usual advanced subjects in the academic 
curriculum. The examinations have been held in 
academies during the past academic year. As a 
result of the examinations, the Board issues three 
grades of certificates : 

1. The Pi-eliininary Certificate. — For arithmetic, 
geography, English grammar, spelling and reading. 

2. The Intermediate Certificate. — For the prelim^ 
inary certificate, together with algebra, American 
history, physical geography, physiology and rhet- 
oric, or in the classical course v/ith Latin through 
Csesar's commentaries, algebra and American his- 
tory. 

3. The Academic Diploma. — For the two preced- 
ing certificates, together with plain geometry and 
eight additional subjects. 



TEACHERS' CLASS. 



The candidates must have attained the age, jf 
males, of eighteen, and if females, of sixteen years. 



22 

They must have passed the Regents' preliminary 
examination in Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geog- 
raphy and Spelling. 

They must subscribe to the following declaration : 
We, the subscribers, hereby declare that our object 

in asking admission to the Teachers' Class of ... . 

High School, is to prepare ourselves for teaching in 

the public schools of this State, and that it is our 

intention to become teachers. 

The trustees, principal and school commissioner 
must be satisfied that the candidates have the moral 
character, talents and aptness necessary to success 
in teaching. 

The nTimber of candidates is limited to twenty- 
five. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



A teacher's license should be annulled for intem- 
perance. 410, 506. (Code of 1879.) 

All pupils in all schools supported by public 
money, or under State control, shall be instructed 
in physiology and hygiene, with special refer- 
ence to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants 
and narcotics upon the human system. And no 



23 

certificate to teach shall be granted to any person 
who has not passed a satisfactory examination in 
said studies. Laws of 1884. 

^The ownership of real estate by a wife, in her 
own name, does not make her husband a voter 
in the district, even though he paid taxes on the 
property, or paid the purchase money therefor. 561. 
(Code of 1879.) 




A NEW SERIES OF SPEAKERS. 

PRACTICAL, FRESH AND IN EVERY RESPECT ATTRACTIVE. 
By Prof. J. H. GILMORE, 

Azitko}' of " The Chautauqtia Text-Book of English Literature^'' 
" The English Language and its Early Liter atzire^'' dfc.^ ^r'c. 

Published by SCR AN TOM, WETMORE & CO., Rochester, N. Y. 



GILMORE'S PRIMARY SPEAKER. Pp. 117. i6mo. Price, 50 cents. 

Designed for children between the ages of five and ten, and pronounced 
by teachers and parents, "• just what we wanted." 

GILMORE'S INTERMEDIATE SPEAKER. Pp. 167. i6mo. Price, 75.cents. 

Designed for Pupils between the ages of ten and fifteen, and like the 
Primarj' Speaker, which has proved so attractive and successful, a veritable 
Speaker — not a volunie of elegant extracts. 

GILMORE'S ACADEMIC SPEAKER. Pp.342. Price, $1.25. 

This volume which completes the series, is designed for pupils between 
the ages of fifteen and twenty. The idea of Prof. Gilmore has been to 
prepare a collection of speakable pieces 'Oii'sx are fresh, bright and taking. 

THE TEACHER'S PRACTICAL POCKET RECORD. Price, 25 cents. 
Prepared by W. D. Kerr. The cheapest and simplest record in the 
market. 

TOWNSEND'S QUESTIONS IN GEOGRAPHY. Price, 20 cents. 
Adapted to any systematic course of study or standard text-book on the 
subject. 

TOWNSEND'S ARITHMETICAL EXAMPLES. New Graded Series. 
Designed for practical every day use in Public and Private Schools : 

Primary Price, 15 cents. 

Intermediate " 20 

Grammar School " 35 



TOPICAL STUDIES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 

Bv Prof. J. G. ALLEN — in press. 



Any of the above sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the 
Publishers. 

SCRANTOM, WETMORE & COMPANY, 

ROCHKSTTER, N, Y. 



HEADQUARTERS 



FOR 



School Supplies 

- - OF ALL KINDS. - - 



We are prepared to furnish, at reasonable rates, 
School Furniture, Globes, Maps, Reading and Writ- 
ing Charts, Anatomical and Physiological Charts, 
Blackboard Slating, Crayons — white and colored, 
Erasers, Dissected Maps, Dictionaries, Teachers' 
Records, Composition and Spelling Blanks, Tablets, 
etc., etc., etc. We also keep the leading pedagogical 
books of the day. If you want anything in the 
above line, please write or call on us. 



A. p. CHAPIN, 

58 West Main Street. ROCHESTER, N. Y. 



021 490 327 

EDUCATIONAL GAZETTE 

Teagher's Agengy 



The success which has attended our teacher's 
bureau has exceeded our own expectations. Dur- 
ing the past year we have filled some of the best 
positions open to the profession. The work has not 
been confined to any particular grade of teachers or 
special locality. Our field of service covers the 
United States and Canada and all grades of teachers 
from the district school to the university. 

Our facilities for helping teachers are the very 
best. Wide-awake teachers who wish to better their 
condition should join our bureau. 

Two dollars pays for registration and for the 
Educational Gazette one year. There is no 
further charge until a position is secured, and then 
only five per cent, of first years' salary. We do not 
wish the drones to register as we cannot recommend 
such. 

Now is the time to register. The spring cam- 
paign will soon open. 

Send stamp for application form. 

Address, A. P. CHAPIN, Rochester, N. Y. 



